Water on Mars
Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere , [4] and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil . [5] [6] The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap . [7] Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate conditions. [8] [9] More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters (115 ft). [10] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface. [11]
Page Revisions
| Year | Metadata | Sections | Top Words | First Paragraph |
| 2018 |
794492 characters 39 sections 115 paragraphs 61 images 1019 internal links 573 external links |
2. Evidence from rocks and minerals |
ice 0.367 water 0.352 minerals 0.154 lake 0.135 evidence 0.123 liquid 0.118 surface 0.111 cap 0.109 martian 0.096 glaciers 0.090 soil 0.083 ocean 0.081 lakes 0.081 atmosphere 0.080 curiosity 0.075 |
Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere , [4] and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil . [5] [6] The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap . [7] Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate conditions. [8] [9] More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters (115 ft). [10] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface. [11] |
| 2017 |
817491 characters 47 sections 118 paragraphs 57 images 1027 internal links 562 external links |
2. Evidence from rocks and minerals |
ice 0.358 water 0.352 minerals 0.151 liquid 0.134 evidence 0.118 surface 0.116 martian 0.098 groundwater 0.094 cap 0.092 lake 0.091 lakes 0.084 glaciers 0.084 atmosphere 0.083 ocean 0.079 curiosity 0.078 |
Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere [4] and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil . [5] [6] The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap . [7] Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate certain conditions. [8] [9] More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters (115 ft). [10] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface. [11] |
| 2016 |
677275 characters 39 sections 101 paragraphs 58 images 500 internal links 484 external links |
2. Evidence from rocks and minerals |
ice 0.365 water 0.351 minerals 0.158 liquid 0.124 evidence 0.122 surface 0.110 martian 0.102 cap 0.095 glaciers 0.092 ocean 0.087 atmosphere 0.087 lakes 0.082 soil 0.082 caps 0.079 lake 0.077 |
Almost all water on Mars today exists as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapor in the atmosphere [4] and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil . [5] [6] The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap . [7] Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate latitudes. [8] [9] [10] [11] More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters (115 ft). [12] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface. [13] |
| 2015 |
656846 characters 38 sections 97 paragraphs 52 images 470 internal links 472 external links |
2. Evidence from rocks and minerals |
ice 0.359 water 0.346 minerals 0.162 liquid 0.128 evidence 0.122 surface 0.113 martian 0.105 cap 0.098 glaciers 0.095 atmosphere 0.089 lakes 0.084 soil 0.084 caps 0.081 curiosity 0.078 subsurface 0.077 |
Water on Mars exists today almost entirely as ice, though it also exists in small quantities as vapour in the atmosphere [1] and occasionally as low-volume liquid brines in shallow Martian soil. [2] [3] The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap . [4] Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate latitudes. [5] [6] [7] [8] More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 metres (115 ft). [9] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface. [10] |
| 2014 |
651012 characters 40 sections 111 paragraphs 71 images 471 internal links 442 external links |
2. Evidence from rocks and minerals |
ice 0.381 water 0.346 minerals 0.171 evidence 0.117 liquid 0.110 surface 0.109 cap 0.103 glaciers 0.100 caps 0.085 soil 0.084 martian 0.084 lakes 0.083 channels 0.079 lake 0.079 groundwater 0.075 |
Water on Mars exists today almost exclusively as ice, with a small amount present in the atmosphere as vapour. [1] The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap . [2] Abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate latitudes. [3] [4] [5] [6] More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters. [7] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface. [8] |
| 2013 |
562550 characters 35 sections 109 paragraphs 71 images 456 internal links 375 external links |
2. Evidence from rocks and minerals |
ice 0.386 water 0.344 minerals 0.173 evidence 0.113 liquid 0.111 surface 0.110 cap 0.104 glaciers 0.101 caps 0.086 soil 0.085 martian 0.085 channels 0.080 lakes 0.079 groundwater 0.075 lake 0.075 |
Water on Mars exists today almost exclusively as ice, with a small amount present in the atmosphere as vapour. [1] The only place where water ice is visible at the surface is at the north polar ice cap . [2] However, abundant water ice is also present beneath the permanent carbon dioxide ice cap at the Martian south pole and in the shallow subsurface at more temperate latitudes. [3] [4] [5] [6] More than five million cubic kilometers of ice have been identified at or near the surface of modern Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters. [7] Even more ice is likely to be locked away in the deep subsurface. [8] |
| 2012 |
703658 characters 42 sections 228 paragraphs 131 images 488 internal links 388 external links |
4. Light-toned layered deposits 8. Possible evidence of flowing water |
water 0.360 ice 0.324 liquid 0.142 glaciers 0.141 gullies 0.122 glacier 0.116 channels 0.116 quadrangle 0.102 hirise 0.099 evidence 0.096 soil 0.094 image 0.091 layers 0.091 amounts 0.086 mantle 0.086 |
Water on Mars exists almost exclusively as water ice. The Martian polar ice caps consist primarily of water ice, and further ice is contained in Martian surface rocks at more temperate latitudes ( permafrost ). A small amount of water vapor is present in the atmosphere . [1] There are no bodies of liquid water on the Martian surface. |
| 2011 |
486559 characters 32 sections 160 paragraphs 93 images 368 internal links 320 external links |
3. Light-toned layered deposits 7. Possible evidence of flowing water |
water 0.385 ice 0.280 liquid 0.153 soil 0.116 gullies 0.114 sulfates 0.110 glaciers 0.106 layers 0.100 minerals 0.097 channels 0.096 organisms 0.093 lakes 0.090 streaks 0.089 amounts 0.086 life 0.086 |
Water on Mars is much less abundant than it is on Earth , at least in its liquid and gaseous states of matter. Most of the water known is locked in the cryosphere ( permafrost and polar caps ), and there are no bodies of liquid water which could create a hydrosphere . Only a small amount of water vapor is present in the atmosphere . [1] |
| 2010 |
537448 characters 35 sections 237 paragraphs 152 images 445 internal links 276 external links |
4. Light-toned layered deposits |
water 0.342 ice 0.258 gullies 0.150 quadrangle 0.146 channels 0.128 liquid 0.126 vallis 0.126 image 0.120 layers 0.108 soil 0.104 location 0.098 glaciers 0.092 viking 0.090 hirise 0.087 crater 0.085 |
Water on Mars is much less abundant than it is on Earth , in all three states of matter. Most of the water is locked in the cryosphere ( permafrost and polar caps ), so there are no bodies of liquid water which could create a hydrosphere . Only a small amount of water vapour is in the atmosphere . [1] |
| 2009 |
326151 characters 31 sections 205 paragraphs 130 images 407 internal links 105 external links |
water 0.356 ice 0.268 quadrangle 0.148 gullies 0.143 liquid 0.126 image 0.121 layers 0.116 vallis 0.112 channels 0.110 soil 0.109 viking 0.102 glaciers 0.093 crater 0.091 surface 0.088 sulfates 0.087 |
Water on Mars is an expression for all the water present on the planet Mars . In comparison to Earth , water is much less abundant on Mars in all three states of matter. Most of the water is locked in the cryosphere ( permafrost and polar caps ), so there are no bodies of liquid water, which could create a hydrosphere . Only a small amount of water vapour is in the atmosphere . [1] |